• There are some limitations and further experiments

  2024-09-29

  

  There are some limitations and further experiments that are required. First, to our surprise, measurement of the cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area in Akt1−/−/iAkt2 KO mice showed comparable areas to WT mouse despite of reduced heart weight. In addition to measuring cardiomyocyte cross-sectional are

• br Endocytosis of AdipoR Surface receptor activity may

  2024-09-29

  

  Endocytosis of AdipoR1 Surface receptor activity may be shut down by endocytic uptake and subsequent lysosomal degradation of the proteins [20]. Clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) has been extensively studied and internalization from the plasma membrane is mediated through clathrin-coated pits

• Neural progenitor cells NPCs are self

  2024-09-29

  

  Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are self-renewing, multipotent cells that are capable of differentiating into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. NPCs are activated in response to a variety of pathological states in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis,

• As an alternative to chronic receptor blockade we

  2024-09-29

  

  As an alternative to chronic receptor blockade, we have been targeting adenosine kinase (ADK) – an astrocyte-based enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of adenosine, as a means to modify SANT-1 synthesis adenosinergic signalling (Boison, 2006, Etherington et al., 2009). Up-regulating ADK facili

• Among different classes of pesticide organophosphates as wel

  2024-09-29

  

  Among different In vitro mRNA transcription kit of pesticide, organophosphates as well as pyrethroids are more frequently used because of their high insecticidal property, low mammalian toxicity, less persistence and rapid biodegradability in the environment. These compounds are used extensively in

• br Materials and methods All animal

  2024-09-29

  

  Materials and methods All animal experiments were performed using the recommendations of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Research Council, 2011) and approved by the University of Colorado—Denver Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Adult male Sprague—Dawley

• br The cytochrome P enzyme hydroxylase

  2024-09-29

  

  The cytochrome P450 enzyme 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (P450) is involved in the production of the C containing androgen precursors from the C containing steroids such as the pregnanes and progestins (). Steroids such as androstenedione (AD) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are therefore synthesi

• Human leukemic blasts from both AML

  2024-09-28

  

  Human leukemic blasts from both AML and ALL patients demonstrated 5-, 12-, and 15-LOX expression [54]; however, using quantitative PCR, 5-LOX was much more prevalent than 15-LOX. When 15-HETE, 12-HETE, and LTB4 were tested for a direct effect on leukemic blasts, none induced apoptosis [54]. In contr

• The allosteric site of class C receptors is generally locate

  2024-09-28

  

  The allosteric site of class C receptors is generally located on the extracellular side of the TM domain (Brauner-Osborne et al., 2007, Christopher et al., 2015, Dore et al., 2014, Gregory et al., 2011, Harpsoe et al., 2017, Kniazeff et al., 2011, Pin and Prezeau, 2007, Urwyler, 2011, Wu et al., 201

• We initially established using fMRI that auditory processing

  2024-09-28

  

  We initially established using fMRI that auditory processing by the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM) of male European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) of species-specific aspects of songs (whistles and warblings i.e. high-pitched trills coming from the end of the warbling that are found in the repertoire o

• In the pituitary of R quelen mRNA

  2024-09-28

  

  In the pituitary of R. quelen mRNA levels of cyp19a1b were found to be higher in males than females, suggesting a sex-specific function, and perhaps a local action to regulate gonadotropins or other pituitary hormone secretion (Olivereau and Callard, 1985; Zhang et al., 2014). Interestingly, the hig

• Although the role of apelin and APJ receptor

  2024-09-28

  

  Although the role of apelin and APJ receptor in cardiovascular functions has been well-elucidated, little is known for the effect of the central apelinergic system on gastrointestinal (GI) functions. In mice, it has been found previously that central exogenous apelin-13 decreased gastric emptying (G

• The reduction of heterodimerization of KOR

  2024-09-28

  

  The reduction of heterodimerization of KOR and APJ by both doses of apelin found in the present study may result in inducing protective effects of apelin on the myocardium imposed to high pressure in renovascular hypertension conditions. The finding that apelin in both doses reduced heterodimerizati

• br Concluding remarks br Definition

  2024-09-28

  

  Concluding remarks Definition Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that are caused by an unconventional agent that is neither bacterial nor viral, but is in essence an infectious misfolded amyloidogenic protein, termed a prion (Prusiner, 1982). Once considered highly controvers

• br Natriuretic peptides and neprilysin Left ventricular syst

  2024-09-28

  

  Natriuretic peptides and neprilysin Left ventricular systolic function, most commonly due to myocardial damage as a consequence of coronary artery disease, hypertension or both, and leading to sustained, pathological activation of the renin angiotensin FDA-approved Drug Library system (RAAS) and

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